Christina,+Sara,+Billy,+Michelle

__//**Charles Dickens Biography Billy and dont forget Michelle**//__

__**//Summary//**__
Charles Dickens was an English novelist and can be considered one of the greatest novelists of the Victorian period. Most of his writings tackled social evils, injustice, and hypocrisy. As a child he was forced to end his studies in his teens to work in a factory. His fascinating characters, like Scrooge from A Christmas Carol, are still well known to this day and are still being reproduced. His style of writing affected the literature world forever.

__//**Bullets**//__

 * ➢ Charles Dickens was born February 7, 1812 and died June 9, 1870
 * ➢ He was born in Landport, Hampshire during the new industrial age (after the Industrial Revolution).
 * ➢ In 1814 he moved to London and later Chatham where he received his education.
 * ➢ From 1824 to 1827 he studied at Wellington House Academy and Mr. Dawson’s school in 1827.
 * ➢ He then got a job as a shorthand reporter at Doctor’s Commons.
 * ➢ He wrote for many different magazines and newspapers, including True Son, Mirror of Parliament, and the Morning Chronicle.
 * ➢ He later founded Master Humphrey’s Cloak and edited the London Dailey News.
 * ➢ His job as a journalist left him with an affection for Journalism and a hate for unjust laws.
 * ➢ He then made a career in 1833 to write short stories and essays that would have “episodes” in the newspapers he wrote for every month.
 * ➢ In 1836 he married Catherine Hogart who was the daughter of his friend George Hogarth.
 * ➢ People suspect that he was more interested in Catherine’s sister, Mary, who moved in with them but died the next year.
 * ➢ In his monthly episodes to his stories were Oliver Twist, Nicholas Nickelby, and Old Curiosity Shop. Each of which are about someone who has a real-life struggle.
 * ➢ His later books like David Copperfield, which was about his own personal experience of working in a factory, and a Tale of Two Cities, a story set in the French Revolution.
 * ➢ During the 1840’s he spent much of his time traveling and speaking out about social evils. He also gave talks and readings, wrote pamphlets, plays, and letters.
 * ➢ From 1844-1845 he lived in Italy, Switzerland, and Paris.
 * ➢ He then gave lecturing tours in Britain and the United States.
 * ➢ From 1860 until his death ten years later he lived near Rochester, Kent.

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=// __French Revolution Background- (Christi____na & Sara)__ //= = = = =

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= //1. Social Classes// =

a. HIGH CLASS
- 1ST Estate that did not have to pay taxes - The king and royal family and acquaintances made up this class

b. MIDDLE CLASS
- 2nd Estate that also did not have to pay taxes - This class was made up of the respected, wealthy nobility
 * These top two classes only made up 3% of the population

c. LOWER CLASS
- 3rd Estate that had to pay heavy taxes - There were two parts of this class; the low section of the 3rd Estate, and the higher bourgeoisie that lived better off than the lower 3rd Estate individuals.
 * This class made up the majority 97% of the population

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=// 2. Tennis Court Oath //= - They were kicked out of the Estates- General meeting in Versailles on June 20, 1789. - They led the 3rd Estate to a near by indoor tennis court [used for hand ball] and refused to leave and vowed that they would not go until they had a strong constitution to live under. - King Louis gave in to their plea and “…ordered the clergy and the nobility to join with the Third Estate in the National Assembly” on June 27, 1789. (Britanica)**
 * - The lower 3rd Estate was tired of being automatically outvoted by the two upper Estates

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= //3. The National Assembly// = ** =  =
 * - The National Assembly was a Parliamentary body that was made to enact the will of the people, not the king.

= //4. Causes of French Revolution// = - Came to power too young - Uninterested in Marie Antoinette, their marriage was a contract - People were angry that the nobility didn’t care about them - Eventually the people beheaded Louis and Marie
 * - King Louis XVI inability to rule

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= //5. Actions// = - Bastille is a prison that contains weapons and gunpowder - Prisoners are tortured there - Citizens decided to loot and destroy the Bastille for symbolic reasons - Took all guards captive and viciously killed them
 * - Storming of the Bastille- July 14, 1789

**__//WORKS CITED**//__ Cody, David. "Dickens: A Brief Biography." //The Victorian Web//. Hartwick College, Mar.-Apr. 2004. Web. 12 Jan. 2010. .

Kosch, Karen. “Causes of the French Revolution.” Pascack Valley High School. New Jersey, 5 January. 2010.

"Tennis Court Oath." __Encyclopædia Britannica__. 2010. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 12 Jan. 2010 <[|http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/587409/Tennis- Court-Oath]>.

" Welcome to Charles Dickens Literature." //The Complete Works of Charles Dickens//. N.p., 2008. Web. 12 Jan. 2010. .