Molly,+Chelsea,+Tara,+Sarah

= **CHARLES DICKENS** =

= =  =THE LIFE OF C.D. =

- Charles Dickens was born in 1812 in Portsea, Portsmouth. - In 1824, his father was arrested for debt and was sentenced to Marshalsea. The family joined him but Charles’ father was not allowed to be with them. Instead, he was put to work at Warren’ Black Factory. - Charles would walk four miles to visit is father on Sundays at the prison. - In 1827, Dickens decides he wants to become a journalist and is first story was published in Monthly Weekly called, “Dinner at Poplar Walk” in 1833. - In 1830, he meets and falls in love with Maria Beadnell. In the same year his story is published, the fling he had with Maria ends. - A year later, his father is arrested for debt again. - Soon after, Charles marries Catherine Hogarth and has a son, the first of eleven plus three daughters, in 1837. Oliver Twist is published in this year also. = = =THE LITERARY CAREER OF DICKENS =

- Dickens wrote 15 major novels, as well as many short stories and articles. - At age 17, he became a free-lance reporter at Doctor's Commons Courts. - His first story was published in 1833. - Using the pseudonym Boz, he published Sketches by Boz in 1836. - Dickens later began a full-time career as a novelist. - His stories have been mode into plays, films, and musicals. - __A Christmas Carol__ inspired several different movies - __Oliver Twist__, __A Tale of Two Cities__, __David Copperfield__, and several others were made into movies. - His novels have been translated into almost every language. - Though he was a great writer, he did not win any awards in his lifetime. - His famous works include the __Pickwick Papers, Nicholas Nickleby__, __Oliver Twist, Hard Times__, __A Tale of Two Cities__.

“Charles Dickens.” Internationl Movie Database. IMBd.com, Inc., 2010. Web. 12 Jan. 2010. .
 * //Works Cited//**:

“Charles Dickens.” Mousehold Words. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2010. .

Cody, David. “Dickens: A Brief Biography.” The Victorian Web. Nagoya University, 2004. Web. 11 Jan. 2010. .

=THE FRENCH REVOLUTION CAUSES/EVENTS/OUTCOMES =

>> • "Bastille." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2010. Web. 12 Jan. 2010 . >> • Cody, David. "French Revolution." The Victorian Web. N.p., 10 Aug. 2007. Web. 12 >> Jan. 2010. . >> • Kosch, Karen, Ms. "French Revolution History Notes." File last modified on Jan. >> 2010. Microsoft Word file.
 * Took place in France in the late 1700s. It began in 1789 for a number of reasons.
 * Reasons why the revolution came about:
 * Population was increasing and the amount of food was dropping. While King Louis XVI
 * Three estates called the Old Regime—the first consisted of priests and the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church. The second were the nobles. The third was made of bourgeoisie and peasants. The third estate was the citizens who were taxed the most.
 * The government was illegitimate and unfair for the people of the third class. While they struggled to pay rent and taxes for their homes and families, they higher classes that they worked for piled on with expenses.
 * Events surrounding it:
 * The Tennis Court Oath→this was a symbolic gesture that the delegates staged outside of the French Parliamentary house when they were locked out. The government did not want to hear what the delegates had to say about fixing the current economic and political issues of the country, so they stayed in the tennis court until they received justice. The new group of delegates became the National Assembly. They became the Parliamentary body that decided to enact the people’s will. They made sure that the rules and laws were for the people.
 * The Storming of the Bastille→July 14, 1789; the Bastille was the large prison in Paris where prisoners were held under the king. The people among the revolution raided it for gunpowder to fight King Louis’s men. They became armed and revolted immediately, destroying the prison when they were finished.
 * October of 1789→Louis’s Royal Family was removed from Versailles and brought to Paris. In 1791, the king unsuccessfully tried to flee from the city, but failed.
 * The Legislative Assembly took place from October 1791 to June 1792, forming the National Convention, which claimed the Republic.
 * King Louis and his wife Katherine of Hogarth were executed on January 21, 1793 after being tried in December of 1792.
 * Shortly after the execution of the king, the Committee of Public Safety and the Revolutionary Tribunal were brought to immediate action.
 * The Reign of Terror began, which meant that ruling faction terminated all potential enemies despite their age, gender, etc. This lasted until September 1793 until July 27, 1794 when the revolution leader, Maximillian Robespierre’s fall.
 * Outcomes of the Revolution:
 * In 1789, the Declaration of the Rights of Man was created:
 * Class distinctions were to be abolished
 * All men were to be considered equal
 * The National Assembly had then claimed power
 * They established a constitutional monarchy & equal rights for all people!
 * France became a Republic form of government. The new Constitution set up the theory of a “President” ruled by the Consitution
 * //**Works Cited:**//

=CONDITIONS AND LIFESTYLES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION =
 * The population during the 1700s began to increase due to economic changes in France. It increased from 19 million to 26 million.
 * It was difficult to pay for basic needs in life. People had to share the same land, and produce was difficult to provide.
 * The government was in debt by over 4 million dollars.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Taxation was a huge problem for France. Much of the government’s income came from indirect taxation.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Money was put into private hands and the government was not able to gain money and spend it on anything important.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Agriculture was decreasing; Scientists began improving and inventing things for agriculture, health and industry. These new ways began influencing the French.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The King was sending French troops to fight against Britain during the American War of Independence. French writers and thinkers were influenced by the ideas of rights and liberty of the people. People began thinking the King should not be accountable to his people.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Many writers and thinkers who thought that France should be controlled differently were active in Paris. Some groups demanded the right to vote and fixed prices for basic and vital goods.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">During this economic setback, many from the countryside were unemployed or working for low-paying jobs. The city was hard to keep under control at all times.

//**Work Cited**:// <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;">Innovating with History. Innovating with History. Qualifications and Curriculum Authority, 1993. Web. 13 Jan. 2010. <http://www.qcda.gov.uk/history/ innovating/pdf/louisXVI1797.pdf>.